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Thema: Totenschiffe |
Gitta
Gast
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| « Antwort #1, Datum: 25.04.2004 um 11:59:49 » |
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Ich habe dunkel in Erinnerung, dass in Sakkara Bootsgruben gefunden wurden vor nicht allzu langer Zeit.
Gitta
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Udimu 
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| « Antwort #2, Datum: 25.04.2004 um 12:04:10 » |
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Hi Nauna,
in Saqqara gibt es neben den grossen 1. Dynastie Mastabas einige grosse Schiffsgruben, in denen wohl auch einst echte Schiffe lagen. In Abydos fand O' Connor grosse Schiffsgruben neben den sog. Talbezirken, die wiederum teil des Bestattungskomplexes der dort bestatteten Könige waren (David O'Connor. New Funerary Enclosures (Talbezirke) of the Early Dynastic Period at Abydos. JARCE 26 (1989), 51-86). Die Schiffgruben neben den Pyramiden des Alten und Mittleren Reiches sind bekannt. Auch in den Mastabas der Wesire Ptahshepses (Abusir) und Kegemni (Saqqara) fanden sich Schiffsgruben. In der 6. Dynastie wurden diese echten Schiffe dann durch Modelle ersetzt; bei der Pyramide der Königin Neith fand sich eine ganze Flotte von Schiffsmodellen. Ab der 1. Zwischenzeit haben diese Modelle dann auch eine Besatzung (vorher nicht). Die Schiffsmodelle veschwinden am Ende der 12. Dynastie aus den Bestattungen und kommen erst wieder in den Königsgräbern des Neuen Reiches vor (jetzt wieder ohne Besatzung).
Gruss
Udimu
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Michael Tilgner
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| « Antwort #3, Datum: 25.04.2004 um 14:26:28 » |
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Hallo, Naunakhte,
eine Zusammenstellung archäologischer und ikonographischer Befunde des Alten Reiches und eine neue Deutung gab kürzlich Hartwig Altenmüller, Funerary Boats and Boat Pits of the Old Kingdom, in: Archiv Orientální, Bd. 70, S. 269-290, 2002
Zitat:
"The most important results are the following:
(1) The royal ships navigate in a convoy made up of two vessels, one being a Night Barque, the other a Day Barque. The order of ships is such that the ships are either following one behind the other in a convoy or they are navigating in a parallel lane side by side. Night Barque and Day Barque always appear together. When only one of two boats has been discovered, the twin is still to be sought.
(2) The boats either are interred in boat pits by the pyramids or kept in a room of their own in the inner part of the cult complexes of the funerary temples of the king, as can be seen by the finds in the mortuary temple of king Neferefra. A similar situation can be discovered with the mastaba of the non-royal deceased.
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(4) The ships were buried for the use of the deceased king who was supposed to travel in a barque of his own across the night and day sky. In the night, the convoy of ships was under sail, during the day the convoy was thought to be rowed. Each convoy was led by the ship, which was specialized for its particular journey. During the night the Night Barque was at the head of the convoy, during the day the Day Barque took over the lead of the naval convoy.
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(7) The convoy of Night and Day Barques of the king has certainly the same meaning as the ship convoys in the private domain ..." (S. 283-284) |
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Viele Grüße,
Michael Tilgner
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Taharqa
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| « Antwort #4, Datum: 25.04.2004 um 16:33:09 » |
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Hallo Nauna!
Hier habe ich noch ein Bild für Dich von einem Schiffsgrab in Abydos. Insgesamt befinden sich dort 14 Schiffsgräber mit einer Länge von 26 Metern. Sie stammen alle aus der 1.Dynastie und wurden 1991 entdeckt.
Gruß Taharqa
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naunakhte 
Moderatorin - Themenstarter
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| « Antwort #5, Datum: 25.04.2004 um 18:13:42 » |
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Da sollte man sich vielleicht doch ab und zu neue Bücher zulegen 
Der Stadelmann in der ersten Auflage ist dann wohl doch ein wenig überaltert. Er erwähnt zwar eine Schiffgrube für Hor Aha, dann aber heißt es, es sei eine Sitte der Pyramidenbauer. 
Naja, dank Euch bin ich jetzt schlauer 
nauna
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naunakhte
Moderatorin - Themenstarter
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| « Antwort #6, Datum: 05.05.2004 um 08:03:25 » |
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Ich habe mir neuere Literatur zugelegt 
und stolpere überall über Bootsgruben.  das heißt aber nicht , dass ich die älteren Werke jetzt entsorge 
Gruß
nauna
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Iufaa
Moderator
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| « Antwort #7, Datum: 20.05.2004 um 10:10:25 » |
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Hier noch eine Kommentar zu Booten von Bill Houghton aus dem Forum Discuss Egypt - Solar Boats
The unearthing of the Cheops' solar boat is considered one of the most significant archaeological finds since the discovery of Tutankhamon's tomb. The boat is considered the oldest wooden boat ever to be found in good condition. However, the way it was preserved for 45 centuries is so amazing.
In May 1954, Kamal Ali Malaakh, the then director of the Pyramids archaeological zone, discovered two rectangular ditches in the rocks south of the Cheops Pyramid, each 40 meters in length, embracing the solar boats.
Commemorating the 50th anniversary of their discovery, the Supreme Council for Antiquities(SCA) is to hold a series of lectures to highlight the historic and archaeological significance of the boats and their religious implications in the ancient Egyptian doctrine.
The solar boats, said Dr Zahi Hawas, Secretary General of the SCA, were buried in ditches and covered with 41 blocks of limestone, each block weighs an average of 18 tones. The blocks were inscribed in hieroglyphics denoting that king Gedf Ra who ruled for seven years after the death of his father Cheops, carried out the burial rituals.
A thick layer of gypsum covered the blocks and filled the holes between the blocks. In January 1955, the last stone block was removed, exposing the content of the ditches. Parts of a boat made of cedar wood brought from Lebanon were neatly arranged in 13 layers, forming a total of 1224 pieces that make up 651 parts of the boat. Remains of ropes made of alpha plant were found in addition to parts of mats. Dr. Hawas explained that the tip of each wooden piece bore hieroglyphic symbols that turned out to be guiding signs for reassembling the boats.
The ancient Egyptians believed in life after death, that is why the boats, thought to be their means for the eternal journey, were preserved in a disjointed way. The ancient Egyptians realized that if the boats were stored fully-built they would be damaged over time.
Moreover, Hawas pointed out that the burial of the solar boats in the vicinity of the pyramids is part of funerary rituals. It is therefore believed that near each pyramid there are five boats.
In the 1920s, the ditches were found in the eastern side of the in Cheops pyramid but only decomposed wooden remains were found. The same number of ditches were found east the Cephren Pyramid. However, the area surrounding the third pyramid has not yet been excavated, although the possibility of finding ditches of Mycerinus boats still exist.
Egyptologists have differed as to the function of these boats. Some contend that they are solar boats placed under the disposal of the Pharaoh in his eternal journey when he unites with the seen god Ra. Others say they are funerary ones carrying the body of the king on a pilgrimage trip to Abydos, where the tomb of the god Osiris lies, before being buried in the pyramid.
Inscriptions on the walls of Old Kingdom tombs reveal that Pharaohs and statesmen used to take pilgrimage trips either in their life or after death to the sacred places.
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